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This is called an explanatory note.ġIn a televised interview back in 2012, he was quoted saying: “I am the alpha and the omega!” (Wilson 243). If you feel the need to supplement your text with an explanation, offer additional comments, or even provide the background or context for certain statements, you can use a footnote for this purpose as well. Publisher, Date Published, Location.įor more information on formatting references for a works cited list, visit this guide.
ENDNOTE EXAMPLE MLA FULL
The general format for a full reference in the works cited list is as follows:Īuthor’s Last Name, First Name. If you refer to a source within a footnote, it must be included as a reference within the works cited list. With these types of footnotes, you will typically add a short phrase such as “See…” or “For more information, refer to…” to introduce the footnote and explain why it is being included.ġ See Johnson, chapter 4 for additional insight into this topic. These notes are utilized to direct the reader to texts that support or add more perspective to the point you are making. Footnotes on the other hand, are meant to be utilized for two purposes – to direct the reader to a source that would add to their understanding (bibliographic note), or to provide clarifying information about a point being made (explanatory note). Per the style dictated by MLA guidelines, when referring to source material, one is expected to use a parenthetical citation in the main text. The text included in the footnote itself should be clear and concise. The MLA handbook recommends keeping the use of footnotes to a minimum, using them only when necessary for clarification purposes. It usually contains information about the source and is encapsulated in parentheses. Not a parenthetical citation or an endnoteįootnotes are not to be confused with endnotes or parenthetical citations.Īn endnote serves a similar purpose as a footnote, but is included at the end of the document or book instead of at the end of the page that contains the information relevant to that note.Ī parenthetical citation, on the other hand, is when you cite a source directly after the quoted or paraphrased information within the text. It is called a footnote because the information is located at the bottom, or the ‘ foot’ of the page.
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If you do place a note in the middle of a sentence, for example at the end of a quotation, the number should always come before a dash. When citing the source for a quotation, the number should be placed at the end of the quotation and not after the author's name if that appears first in the text. Do not use the same number more than once in a series, even if you are referring to exactly the same passage in the same text which you have already referenced.įootnote or endnote numbers in the text should follow punctuation, and preferably be placed at the end of a sentence. Notes should be numbered sequentially (1,2,3 etc). In most cases, word limits for essays include footnotes and bibliographies. It should be possible to read the entire piece of work without having to refer to a footnote for anything other than references. Footnotes should never be used as a means of getting round word limits by including information or argument in them that should be in the main text. Other material should, as far as possible, be included in the text. Notes should include the minimum information necessary for a reader to find and consult your source.
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Whether a source is quoted directly or indirectly, paraphrased or summarised, it must be acknowledged with a footnote or endnote. start numbering from 1) with each chapter.Įvery time the ideas, facts or opinions of another are used in a piece of work this must be acknowledged with a full reference.
ENDNOTE EXAMPLE MLA SERIES
In a book-length piece, you should start a new series of notes (i.e. In the MHRA system, references to sources used in your work are set out in full in notes, either at the bottom of each page (footnotes) or at the end of the piece of work (endnotes).